Ch 04-03 Transition from Classical to Modern Astronomy

• Tycho Brahe (1546 ~ 1601)
  Observation uncertainty down to arcmin
  
  
   
• Johannes Kepler (1571 ~ 1630)
  Kepler's three laws for planetary motion
  
   (The first and the second law)
   
  P² ∝ a³  (The third law)
   
  So, is Kepler's discovery closer to the truth than Ptolemaic, Copernican or Tycho's models?
   
• Galileo Galilei (1564 ~ 1642)
  Using telescopes in 1609
  (Telescopes were invented in 1608 by a Dutch)
  Major discovery:
  • The Moon's surface
  • The Milky Way's stars
  • Jupiter's satellites
  • Sunspots, solar rotation
  • Phases of Venus (Ptolemaic system is ruled out!)
    
     
• Issac Newton (1642 ~ 1727)
  • Inventing Calculus
  • Newton's laws of motion
  • Newton's law of gravitation